首先是關於車種的名詞，電動車其實涵蓋範圍很廣，小至兒童玩具，大到高速鐵路，任何以電力驅動的車輛都可稱為電動車。

The first is the terminology of vehicle types. Electric vehicles actually cover a wide range, from children's toys to high-speed railways. Any vehicle powered by electricity can be called an electric vehicle.

中譯為電池電力汽車，聽起來有點多此一舉，但這卻是因應電動車的多樣化而衍生出的新字詞，更針對性地的指稱「純電動汽車」，也有人以「FEV」Full Electric Vehicle來稱純電動汽車，但BEV為較多汽車企業使用。

The Chinese translation of "battery electric vehicle" sounds a bit redundant, but this is a new word derived from the diversification of electric vehicles. It refers to "pure electric vehicle" more specifically, and some people use "FEV" Full Electric Vehicle is called pure electric vehicle, but BEV is used by many automobile companies.

「Hybrid」已經是大家都經常聽到的名詞了，但事實上，Hybrid的原意乃是指兩種不同的動力來源混合提供，例如天然氣與汽油雙動力也可以稱之為Hybrid，只是由於「電動機+內燃機」這樣的形式最常也最廣泛出現在汽車上，因此「Hybrid」才會逐漸的成為「電動機+內燃機」的代名詞，根據電池容積與馬達功率大小不同又區分為輕度、中度與重度三種。

"Hybrid" has been a term that everyone often hears, but in fact, the original meaning of Hybrid refers to the mixed supply of two different power sources, such as natural gas and gasoline dual power can also be called Hybrid, just because "electric motor + The form of "internal combustion engine" is the most common and most widely used in automobiles, so "Hybrid" will gradually become synonymous with "electric motor + internal combustion engine", which is divided into mild, moderate and severe according to the battery volume and motor power. three.

顧名思義，便是原本混合動力的電池組容量加大，用以提供直接插電充電的功能，好提高可行駛里程。而加大的電池組也代表可以安裝更大功率的電動馬達，提供給車輛更強的動力輸出，但整體說來仍以內燃機作為主要動力來源。

As the name implies, the capacity of the original hybrid battery pack is increased to provide the function of direct plug-in charging, so as to improve the mileage. The larger battery pack also means that a more powerful electric motor can be installed to provide a stronger power output to the vehicle, but overall, the internal combustion engine is still the main source of power.

這個縮寫看起來很可怕，但其實就是電費帳單的「度」，用這個來理解電池容量與車輛能源效率最方便了，同時也很像燃油車的「汽油量」。

舉例來說，Tesla Model 3 Standard Range Plus 的電池容量是 50kWh，也就是 50 度，所以假設從零充到滿的費用，就等於每度電的費用 × 50。

那Tesla充電要充多久呢？如果用特斯拉自家充電器，功率是 11kW（注意，功率沒有 h），這代表用這個功率充電 1 小時，就可以獲得 11 度電量，因此要把這台 Model 3 SR 充滿約需 50÷11=4.5 小時。

反過來說，這台 Model 3 SR 能開多久？這就跟燃油車一樣，取決於怎麼開，以極端例子來說，這輛車的摩打最大功率是 260kW，如果你一直用極速衝刺，那里程就是 50÷260=0.19h，大概 10 分鐘就會用完電。

This abbreviation looks scary, but it is actually the "degree" of an electricity bill. It is the most convenient to use this to understand battery capacity and vehicle energy efficiency, and it is also very similar to the "gas volume" of a gasoline car.

For example, the battery capacity of the Tesla Model 3 Standard Range Plus is 50kWh, which is 50 degrees, so assuming the cost of charging from zero to full is equal to the cost per kWh × 50.

How long does it take to charge a Tesla? If you use Tesla's own charger, the power is 11kW (note that the power has no h), which means that you can get 11 kWh of electricity with this power for 1 hour of charging, so it takes about 50÷11 to fully charge this Model 3 SR =4.5 hours.

Conversely, how long can this Model 3 SR drive? This is the same as a fuel car. It depends on how to drive. In an extreme example, the maximum power of this car is 260kW. If you keep sprinting at extreme speed, the distance is 50÷260=0.19h, about 10 minutes. will run out of electricity.

這就跟油耗很類似，以前我們會看一輛車 1 公升油可跑幾公里，電動車則常用百公里消耗能源量來比較，看起來會像 15kWh / 100km 這樣。代表這輛車平均行駛 100 公里，要用掉 15 度電。

以Tesla Model 3 SR作例子推算的話，車電量是 50 度，每 100 公里用掉 15 度，那大約可跑 330 公里。

This is very similar to fuel consumption. In the past, we would see that a car can run several kilometers with 1 liter of fuel. Electric vehicles often use 100 kilometers to compare the energy consumption, which looks like 15kWh / 100km. It means that the car travels an average of 100 kilometers and uses 15 kWh of electricity.

Taking Tesla Model 3 SR as an example, if the power of the car is 50 degrees, it uses 15 degrees per 100 kilometers, and it can run about 330 kilometers.

能源效率跟油耗一樣，不同測試方法會測出不同結果，目前最常見的是這兩種標準。WLTP 是歐盟的新標準，取代以前用的 NEDC。EPA 則是美國能源局的簡稱，兩邊測試方法不同，有興趣可以另外找來研究，我們只需要記得一件事：WLTP 里程比較高，EPA 里程比較低。

各家車廠當然都會拿比較漂亮的 WLTP 數據給自家車用，要酸對手的車時，就拿 EPA 數據來用。不管怎麼說，測試都不可能完美，但根據目前資料來看，車廠提供的 WLTP 數據，打 8 折差不多就很接近實際上路的狀況。

Energy efficiency is the same as fuel consumption. Different test methods will measure different results. At present, these two standards are the most common. WLTP is a new standard in the European Union, replacing the previous NEDC. EPA is the abbreviation of the U.S. Energy Administration. The two test methods are different. If you are interested, you can find another study. We only need to remember one thing: the WLTP mileage is relatively high, and the EPA mileage is relatively low.

Of course, each car manufacturer will use the relatively beautiful WLTP data for their own cars. When they want to sour the opponent's car, they will use the EPA data. In any case, the test cannot be perfect, but according to the current data, the WLTP data provided by the car factory is almost close to the actual road conditions at a 20% discount.

最後要講到的是兩種不同的充電方式，在這裡我們提供你最簡單易懂的理解方式：一般充電是交流電，充滿 6 小時；快速充電用直流電，不超過半小時。

直流電的功率高達上百 kW，所有電動車幾乎都在半小時左右就會充到 80% 以上，雖然快速，但因建設成本高，所以站點還不普遍，且不同廠牌有不同規格，如有長途旅行需求，務必要研究清楚 DC 充電站的位置，才能確保動能無虞，就像一般加油站。

交流電功率較小，常見充電樁都在 7kw 左右，適合停車埸或家中車庫使用，雖然充電速度慢。但如果家裡能安裝充電設備，也只需充電一晚，就能完全充滿。

電力經過 AC 交流電的方式傳輸到家用／公共的充電座，再經過車上附載的小型『交直流轉換器（整流器）』轉換成 DC 直流電進入電池，所以大家口中常說充電中的 AC 慢充、DC 快充，其實都只是電流的一種狀態，最後充電進入電池時的電力的狀態都只會是 DC 直流電。

剛剛提到的『交直流轉換器』簡單來說就是一台翻譯機，這台機器越大自然能翻譯的量越多；而充電快慢的關鍵除了電流大小外就取決於這台機器的功率大小；而大家都知道一台車除了外型、內裝、配備以外，更重要的是車內空間及整台車的重量，也因此車上的轉換器必須精緻短小。

The last thing to talk about is two different charging methods. Here we provide you with the easiest and easiest way to understand: the general charging is AC, which takes 6 hours to fully charge; the fast charging is DC, which does not exceed half an hour.

The power of DC power is as high as hundreds of kW, and almost all electric vehicles will be charged to more than 80% in about half an hour. Although it is fast, due to the high construction cost, sites are not common, and different brands have different specifications, such as If there is a need for long-distance travel, it is necessary to research the location of the DC charging station to ensure that the kinetic energy is safe, just like a normal gas station.

The AC power is small, and the common charging piles are around 7kw, which is suitable for parking lots or home garages, although the charging speed is slow. But if you can install a charging device at home, you can fully charge it in just one night.

The power is transmitted to the household/public charging stand through AC alternating current, and then converted into DC direct current through the small "AC-DC converter (rectifier)" attached to the car, and then enters the battery, so people often say that the AC slow charging during charging, DC fast charging is actually only a state of current, and the state of power when charging into the battery is only DC.

The "AC-DC converter" just mentioned is simply a translation machine. The larger the machine, the more translation volume it can translate. The key to charging speed depends on the power of the machine in addition to the current. ; And we all know that in addition to the appearance, interior and equipment of a car, the more important thing is the interior space and the weight of the whole car, so the converter on the car must be exquisite and short.